3 Common Mistakes Side Hustlers Make (and How to Avoid Them)

3 Common Mistakes Side Hustlers Make (and How to Avoid Them) 3 Common Mistakes Side Hustlers Make (And How to Avoid Them) 3 Common Mistakes Side Hustlers Make (And How to Avoid Them)You work hard for your money. Avoid these oversights to make sure your side gig or freelance job is working for you and not the other way around.When cash is tight, people often turn to side gigs and freelancing or contract work. And while this work is flexible and may help pad your bank account, it also comes with a set of rules and requirements than many people â€" especially those who are used to working as a true full- or part-time employee â€" simply don’t know. These pitfalls can actually end up costing you money. Here are some common mistakes to avoid when taking on a side hustle.Mistake No. 1: Not paying quarterly taxesBeverly Miller, a Pittsburgh-based personal finance coach, says one of the most common mistakes side hustlers make is not setting aside money â€" or not setting aside enough money â€" to pay taxes. Side hustlers often don’t realize they have to pay self-employment taxes, essentially 15%” of your income, she says, which covers Social Security and Medicare obligations. When you are an employee, your employer withholds this part of your paycheck for taxes, but when you are side hustling, you are the employer.Keep in mind this is an additional tax on top of your income tax. “Between federal, state, and local income taxes, plus the self-employment tax,” says Miller, “that can eat up 25% to 30%” of your earnings.Setting the money aside â€" the full 30% of earnings â€" is important because most people are used to having their taxes taken out of their paycheck and sent to the tax authorities by their employer. When you side hustle, that responsibility falls on you. That means you can’t spend your entire paycheck once you get it, or you could end up thousands of dollars in the hole when Uncle Sam comes knocking.You also can’t wait to shore up at the end of the year as your would if you were someone’s employee. You have to pay quarterly via the estimated quarterly tax p ayments, Miller says. That means you have to pay four different times throughout the year. (See the Freelancers Union 2019 guidelines for the payment schedule and other tips.)According to the IRS website, “Individuals, including sole proprietors, partners, and S corporation shareholders, generally have to make estimated tax payments if they expect to owe tax of $1,000 or more when their return is filed.” Yes, that includes side hustlers and freelancers. If you don’t pay estimated taxes, don’t pay enough taxes, or if you pay them late, you may be subject to fines, penalties, and interest, which can add up quick. “I’ve seen plenty of folks in debt on their taxes due to these mistakes,” Miller says.In general, in order to avoid fines, you must pay at least 90% of your owed taxes for the current year through quarterly payments, or 100% of your obligation from last year, whichever one is smaller.In order to avoid tax surprises or penalties, you may want to consider hiring a tax professional to help you. They will make sure you are following the rules and paying exactly what you owe â€" and not more â€" on time. They frequently “pay for themselves” when you consider how much they help you save.Mistake No. 2: Not staying organizedSteven Byrd, a financial coach at Hearthstone Financial Coaching, has plenty of experience helping side hustlers with their finances. In addition to coaching, he has also worked as a 2018 IRS-certified volunteer income tax preparer, running a Volunteer Income Tax Assistance) tax site for a nonprofit called Impact America, which had many clients that did contract work on the side.“The absolute biggest way I have seen people lose money on side hustles is a lack of organization,” Byrd says. The first step he recommends for anyone who runs their own business or side gig?   Opening a separate bank account for their business. “Its pretty easy to open a business bank account as a side hustler now,” he says.A business accou nt that is separate from your personal account helps you easily keep track of money coming in and money coming out of your business. When you combine your personal and business expenses in one account, finances can often get blurry and complicated, which can become a mess when it comes time to pay your taxes. Housing all of your income in one bank account also makes it easier to spend money you should be reserving for your business, which can lead to financial problems.A crucial component of your side hustle to track? Your business expenses, which can reduce your tax burden at the end of the year. “Businesses need to track absolutely everything, and Ive seen a lot of people leave money on the table at tax time because they didnt have receipts to actually deduct their expenses,”Byrd says.Mistake No. 3: Not accounting for the cost of doing businessMike Scott, senior mortgage and loan originator at Independent Bank, reviews tax returns on a daily basis and has seen the mistakes sid e hustlers make first hand. “Probably the single biggest mistake I see is that people focus on the immediate cost and benefit, rather than taking into account the long-term costs,” he says.He uses ride-share drivers as an example. “They look at it and say that they have made $160 in 8 hours of driving, and that all it cost them was a tank of gas, since they have a vehicle that gets 40 mpg, for example,” Scott says. “What they do not take into account is that they drove 300 miles in that 8 hours to make the $160.” Those 300 miles means the car requires more maintenance, such as replacing oil, filters, windshield wipers, tires, and more. This also doesn’t account for the depreciation of the vehicle due to regular wear and tear.According to Scott, an average low-end estimate for the cost to operate a vehicle is about 40 cents a mile. This accounts for the types of maintenance costs listed above as well as long-term costs, such as replacing an engine, and some of the vehic le depreciation costs.“The driver that made $160 but put 300 miles on their car typically only subtracts the cost of gas, or about $20,” to find their profit, Scott says. “In their minds, they made $140 for 8 hours of side hustle.”However, this is far from the truth. “The reality is that it cost them about $120 to drive that 300 miles, so they made $40 for 8 hours of work. That ends up being less than minimum wage.”This is just one example. Depending on the industry in which you work, you may be required to obtain specific licenses or certifications, follow certain zoning laws, or carry specific types of business insurance. Following these laws and regulations costs a certain amount of money, and failing to follow them can end up costing you money in fines, penalties, or legal ramifications. For more information on this topic, visit the Small Business Administration website.When side hustlers run into debtNot paying taxes, disorganization, and ignoring the cost of doing business can have dire effects on your pocketbook when the whole point of the side hustle was making extra cash.People who have trouble paying monthly expenses are more prone to looking for short-term solutions, such as running up credit card debt or seeking out risky short-term loans, such as no credit check loans, bad credit loans, or other types of personal loans. These products can often do more harm than good, leading people into a cycle of debt they can’t escape.For side hustlers or gig workers who could use some extra tips, check out this article from OppLoans: “6 Financial Bummers of Going Freelance â€" And How to Make Them Not Suck.”

Comparing The Opening Shots in Baz Luhrmann and Franco...

Comparing The Opening Shots in Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirellis Versions of Romeo and Juliet This essay will compare two versions of Romeo and Juliet directed by Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirelli. In order for me to comment on both versions of Romeo and Juliet I will compare the opening shots, the way the main characters are introduced and the types of music and costumes used in each version. Baz Luhrmanns film takes place in contemporary America. The latest version of Romeo and Juliet was filmed in 1997 at Verona Beach, California. The director chose this area because it is somewhat exotic and because it is seen as a city -state with its importance in America. Its also an area young†¦show more content†¦The prologue gives the audience helpful information on the latest goings on in Verona, which helps to fill you in on what is happening. As the prologue continues I become aware of the original Shakespearian language that is used, The fearful passage of their death-marked love. The use of opposition within the text is effective in conveying the contrast between Romeo and Juliet and the two families. As well as this, death and love are opposites that dont normally feature in the same sentence, causing a strong, instant effect on the audience. Although the Luhrmann film has a modern setting and opens with a news anchorwoman reading the prologue from the play, it is read in one go and there is nothing offered to the viewer to make it clearer. It seems that Luhrmann wants to set up a traditional presentation of the words so that when his vision appears it is even more explosive. Although Luhrmann works hard at communicating the text, the American-speaking actors prove a difficulty. Dialogue is certainly not of prime importance in this film. In Luhrmanns film the words remain Shakespearean whereas the images are very much in the late 20th century. Using a television and a reporter gives me the feeling the director is trying to achieve a modern version of the film oneShow MoreRelatedComparing the Openings of the Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann775 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Openings of the Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann Both openings of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann show similarities and contrasts. Although both versions are faithful to the text as the words spoken by the voiceover in the Prologue are the same, the methods of presentation are clearly different. Zeffirelli places the film in the 17th century and takes a more traditional approach. By using a white

The Quarrel Between Two Princes - 1590 Words

Gargiulo 2 Teddy Gargiulo English 242 Professor Mufti 13 February 2015 Paper # 1: Close Reading ?Sometimes the quarrel between two princes is to decide which of them shall dispossess a third of his dominions, where neither of them pretend to any right. Sometimes one prince quarreleth with one another; for fear the other should quarrel with him. Sometimes a war is entered upon, because the enemy is too strong, and sometimes because he is too weak. Sometimes our neighbors want the things which we have, or have the things which we want; and we will both fight, til they take ours or give us theirs. It is a very justifiable cause of war to invade a country after the people have been wasted by famine, destroyed by pestilence, or embroiled by factions amongst themselves. It is justifiable to enter into a war against our nearest ally, when one of his towns lie convenient to us, or a territory or land, that would render our dominions round and compact. 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Uncertainty Reduction Theory Annotated Bibliography Free Essays

Theory amp; Rhetoric Annotated Bibliography Uncertainty Reduction Theory 1). Witt, P. , amp; Behnke, R. We will write a custom essay sample on Uncertainty Reduction Theory Annotated Bibliography or any similar topic only for you Order Now (2006). Anticipatory Speech Anxiety as a Function of Public Speaking Assignment Type. Communication Education, 55(2), 167-177. doi:10. 1080/03634520600566074. * Research Questions: -Why does public speaking generate anticipatory anxiety? -Is public speaking anxiety dependent on assignment type? -How can anticipatory public speaking anxiety be controlled? Key Terms: Public Speaking, Speech Anxiety, State Anxiety, Trait Anxiety, Assignment Type * Thesis: Most individuals who enroll in communication courses do so in order to improve their presentational skills and to increase the enjoyment that they derive from their communication performances. * Theoretical Perspective: -Uncertainty Reduction Theory -Interpretive * Case Studies: -185 undergrads in entry level communication performance course -171 undergrads in entry level communication performance course * Implications: Therapeutic Intervention, Pedagogical Application * Future Research Questions: Can anticipatory public speaking anxi ety not only be controlled but eliminated? -Is there any method that can help change trait anxiety as easily as state anxiety? -How can a better understanding of trait anxiety help ease anticipatory anxiety? 2). Pratt, L. , amp; Wiseman, R. (1999). Interrogative strategies and information exchange in computer-mediated communication. Communication Quarterly, 47(1), 46-66. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -Is there a difference between face-to-face communication and computer mediated communication? How does age coincide with computer mediated communication? -Are different styles of computer mediated communication dependent on geographical location? * Key Terms: Uncertainty Reduction, Asynchronous Communication, Interrogative Strategies, Question Typologies, Content Analysis * Thesis: Results suggest that the interrogative strategies we engage in to achieve interpersonal connectedness are sometimes different in computer-mediated communication (CMC) and a new standard for transacting relational message exchange may be emerging. * Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Social Exchange Theory * Case Studies: 200 â€Å"epals† selected for content analysis of their emails to each other -316 messages analyzed between 10 pairs of â€Å"epals† * Implications: -People react differently to emails because they lack the requirement for an immediate response. -The shorter the time between a sent and read email will increase the chance of response. * Future Research Questions: -Why do â€Å"epals† want to know about others attitudes and opinions? -Is the medium redefining the type of message we send? – Is the quality of selective message construction found in asynchronous e-mail (Walther, 1996a) producing a new standard for interpersonal connectedness? ). Goldsmith, D. (2001). A Normative Approach to the Study of Uncertainty and Communication. Journal of Communication, 51(3), 514. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -How can uncertainty reduction theory be applied outside of stranger to stranger interactions? -How do di fferent communities treat uncertainty in communication? -What are the different levels of uncertainty in communication? * Key Terms: Frequency of Communication Behaviors, Level of Uncertainty, Level of Relational Qualities * Thesis: A normative pproach entails a shift in focus from measuring level of uncertainty to examining multiple and potentially conflicting meanings of uncertainty, a shift from measuring communication behaviors to evaluating communication practices, and a shift from predicting what people will do to predicting and explaining the effectiveness and appropriateness of what they do in response of uncertainty. * Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Critical * Case Studies: -Puerto Rican Community -Western Apache Community -Malagasy Community -White, College Educated North Americans * Implications: Uncertainty is a fundamental human experience. -Different communities react to communication uncertainty differently. -Uncertainty is not static there are many forms of uncertainty that need to be taken into consideration differently. * Future Research Questions: -What can uncertainty in other cultures teach us about our own uncertainty? -How has uncertainty in communication changed over time? -How does the frequency of behaviors affect the overall uncertainty of a relationship? 4). Maguire, K. (2007). â€Å"Will It Ever End? â€Å": A (Re)examination of Uncertainty in College Student Long-Distance Dating Relationships. Communication Quarterly, 55(4), 415-432. doi:10. 1080/01463370701658002. * Research Questions: -How does a long distance relationship affect a person’s daily life? -What kinds of uncertainty do long distance relationships lead to? -How does an individual in a long distance relationship cope with stress compared to someone in a close relationship? * Key Terms: Coping, Distress, Long-Distance Relationships, Relationship Satisfaction, Uncertainty * Thesis: Research in the area of stress and coping suggests that a close relationship with a romantic partner helps individuals cope with stress * Theoretical Perspective: Uncertainty Reduction Theory -Uncertainty Management Theory -Interpretive * Case Studies: -Undergrads from a South-Central college -Norton’s Quality Marriage Index * Implications: -Any relationship where the partner is too far to visit every day is considered a long distance relationship. – Close relationships are more successful than long distance relationships. -Uncertainty is not inherently problematic in long distance relationships * Future Research Questions: -What can be done to ensure success in a long distance relationship in terms of uncertainty? Why is the visual/physical aspect of a relationship over power the uncertainty found in long distance relationships? -How is relational uncertainty not inherently an unwanted state? 5). Brumfield, E. (2008). Using Online Tutorials to Reduce Uncertainty in Information Seeking Behavior. Journal of Library Administration, 48(3/4), 365-377. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -How does asynchronous delivery differ from synchronous delivery? -How does the lengt h of the tutorial affect its overall effectiveness? How does the design of the tutorial affect its quantity of use? Key Terms: Distance Learners, Distance Education, Information Seeking Behavior, Online Tutorials * Thesis: Information seeking behavior results from a determination of an information need and the realization that there is insufficient knowledge to address that need.. * Theoretical Perspective: -Uncertainty Reduction Theory -Interpretive * Case Studies: -Wilson, Ford Research -Aamp;M University -Stephen F. Austin University * Implications: -The overall effectiveness of tutorials is dependent on a large number of variables such as visual appeal. – The students skill and attitude play a big role it a tutorials effectiveness. Future Research Questions: -What can be done to help improve student’s attitudes towards tutorials? -How has the introduction of these tutorials help reduce uncertainty in personal relationships? -Can these findings be applied to cultures other than our own? 6). Rubin, R. , amp; McHugh, M. (1987). Development of Parasocial Interaction Relationships. Journal of Broadcasting amp; Electronic Media, 31(3), 279-292. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -How do viewers become attached to specific television characters? Are there any universal qualities that attract viewers to characters? -How can uncertainty reduction and uses and gratification theory help explain these character to viewer relations? * Key Terms: Social Interaction, Uncertainty, Interpersonal Communication, Television Characters * Thesis: This investigation explored the possibility of a parallel pattern of relationship development with media characters, applying principles from both uses and gratifications and uncertainty reduction theories to understand further the development of parasocial interaction relationships. Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Critical -Uses and Gratification Theory * Case Studies: – Parasocial Interaction Scale Survey Study -The 15 Item Scale Study * Implications: -Social attraction is key in developing parasocial interaction relationships. -Attraction occurs through a great level of exposure to a character. -Relationship importance is a construct that differs from attraction. * Future Research Questions: – How can the findings of these studies be applied to network television? How does the uncertainty reduction theory apply to non face-to-face relationships such as in a television character? – How can the results of these studies relate to the concept of market research? 7). Theiss, J. , amp; Solomon, D. (2008). Parsing the Mechanisms that Increase Relational Intimacy: The Effects of Uncertainty Amount, Open Communication About Uncertainty, and the Reduction of Uncertainty. Human Communication Research, 34(4), 625-654. doi:10. 1111/j. 1468-2958. 2008. 00335. x. * Research Questions: Why are there 3 competing mechanisms that affect the amount of intimacy in romantic relationships? -Which of the 3 mechanisms is the most effective in romantic relationships? -Are there any variables that interrupt the effectiveness of the 3 mechanisms? * Key Terms: Uncertainty, Intimacy, Interpersonal Relations, * Thesis: Uncertainty and its management hold a prominent place in the study of interpersonal communication. * Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Critical -Uncertainty Reduction Theory * Case Studies: -Longitudinal Study Distinguishing Uncertainty Implications: -There is something inherently rewarding about the process in reducing uncertainty. -Openness of communication about uncertainty has a positive impact on perceptions of intimacy. -The uncertainty reduction process is perceived as rewarding in close relationships. * Future Research Questions: -How can the findings of this study help intimate relationships in turmoil? -Are there any other factors that affect intimate relationships outside of the 3 mechanisms discussed in this study? -Are there any instances contrary to this study? How to cite Uncertainty Reduction Theory Annotated Bibliography, Papers

The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay Paper Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean in South Asia, 65 610 square kg metres in country, divided into nine administrative states where population of about 21 million in 2009. The state measures about 400 kilometres from North to South and 250 kilometer from East to West. The entire length of roadway in Sri Lanka is 112,603 kilometer in 2009. The figure of vehicles in Sri Lanka in 2009 is 2,245,108. By 1948, when Sri Lanka became independent, there were about 11,000 kilometers of roads, of which about 7,000 kilometers were paved. Sri Lanka has a route web of approximately 112,603km, consisting about 11,760 kilometers of national roads ; 15,743 kilometer of provincial roads ; 80,600 kilometer of local authorization roads ; and 4,500 kilometer of roads owned or controlled by irrigation, wildlife, and land development governments. These national main roads comprise roads that are categorized as Class A and B roads, the highest classs in Sri Lanka s route hierarchy. Provincial roads are categorized as Class C, D, and E roads. While the capacity of local and rural roads has been expanded since 1948, most of the bole roads day of the month back to pre-independence old ages and their capacity has become unequal owing in portion to neglected care. Road conditions are by and large hapless. We will write a custom essay sample on The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Roadss are the spinal column of the conveyance sector in Sri Lanka. They are important for the motion of people and goods and play a critical function in incorporating the state, easing economic growing, and finally cut downing poorness. National roads are keeping over 70 per centum of the traffic in Sri Lanka. Roadss are really of import for the big bulk of Sri Lanka s people who live in the small towns. They are frequently the lone manner for most rural people to make necessary services such as infirmaries, schools, markets, and Bankss, which are largely situated far from their small towns. 1.2 Problem Background The installation of smooth traffic motion is an decoration every bit good as an plus to any metropolis. But capital metropolis of Sri Lanka is confronting a large job with traffic job. Traffic job has aggravated by the attending of all signifiers economic, commercial and administrative maps in the metropolis. The metropolis of Colombo attracts about 1.5 Million drifting population on a on the job twenty-four hours and with the add-on of the resident population in the metropolis. The entire population in the metropolis increases to more than 2 Million during the daylight. It is estimated that approximately 50 % of the transposing population arrives in the metropolis for employment or to link in commercial activities and or to go to educational establishments. The remainder comes to the metropolis for assorted other intents. Commuting population are used assorted signifiers of transit to come in the metropolis. Both the figure of vehicles and the riders come ining the City are increasing twelvemonth by twelvemonth. Traffic congestion is often increasing as more and more people buy vehicles. At the same clip the residential population and the ownership of vehicles within the metropolis bounds will besides see a singular growing. Vehicles are come ining to the City from 9 entry points on working yearss have been estimated to be about 275,000, and this is in add-on to the part to the traffic floor by the usage of vehicles of the occupants in the metropolis. The combination of these facets outcome is a greater attractive force of the metropolis for people from the remainder of the state therefore worsening the conveyance job in the metropolis of Colombo. 2. Reasons for traffic congestion The figure of vehicles in the metropolis is non the lone factor that contributes to congestion. There are several other grounds for this traffic congestion. 2.1 The current traffic signal web A signal operation system is indispensable to route efficiency. There are so many traffic circles and hamlets where no traffic signals are installed in every topographic point. These topographic points are celebrated for traffic blocks since many automobilists and walkers do non follow the prevalent regulations. Pedestrians are crossed roads without regular intervals and utilizing manus signals. It seems that the current traffic signal web in Colombo is deficient to keep monolithic sums of traffic volume. 2.2 The current route system Massive main roads, many Bridgess, and tunnels can non be found all over the state like South Korea. Most of the roads are little and narrow.The conditions and criterions of the roads are unequal to run into quickly turning cargo and rider traffic. More than 50 % of the national roads have hapless or really hapless surface status and many are earnestly congested. The range for widening roads on bing alliances is limited chiefly because of land acquisition issues. 2.3 Inadequate investing Despite the significant additions in traffic volume at that place have been unequal investings for building of new main roads or broadening and bettering bing roads. Over the past old ages the investing in the route sector has been chiefly determined on the rehabilitation of the bing route web. 2.4 Mixed traffic system National main roads, which are by and large two-lane, has been unable to transport the current volume of assorted traffic ( walkers, motorcycles, coachs, three-wheelers, and motor vehicles ) . Increasing traffic volumes and a traffic mix consisting of motorised and non-motorized traffic have resulted in low travel velocities, terrible traffic congestions, and increased accident rates. 2.5 Street sellers There are illegal buildings and street sellers are making their concerns in waysides. In most roads passage through waysides is obstructed by these street sellers. Uncontrolled wayside development and concerns has reduced the capacity of the route web. 2.6 Illegal parking Illegal parking significantly contributes to congestion and impedes the traffic flow. Cities suffer in Sri Lanka from unenforced drive and parking ordinances. Although Vehicles parking in waysides is illegal in the state most of automobilists are parking their vehicles in waysides ground for that is restriction of parking topographic points. 2.7 Sidewalks for walkers In capital metropolis, most of roads have constructed without pavements for walkers. When walkers are walking side on the route the bing roads have translated to as narrow roads. 3. Datas analysis In this portion has concerned about most relevant informations in connexion with traffic congestion. Although South Korea has provided more installations for their conveyance system they besides are possessed job with congestion. In South Koreans has enjoyed with many main roads, Bridgess, tunnels, and express ways in connexion with their conveyance system. In sing about traffic congestion can be considered as population, no of vehicles, no of accident and no of individuals killed in accident are the most of import factors. In the undermentioned information has been attending about compare information with South Korea and Sri Lanka. 3.1 Population The following table no 1 and figure no1 has included information about population in thousand in two states. Table no 1.Population in two states Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sri Lanka Population ( 1000 ) 18,713 18,797 18,921 19,173 19,462 19,668 19,886 20,010 20,156 20,303 South Korea population ( 1000 ) 47,008 47,357 47,622 47,859 48,039 48,138 48,297 48,456 48,607 48,747 Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Figure no 1.Population in two states Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 When sing about this information South Korea population is higher than Sri Lanka ground for that Sri Lanka is a little state than South Korea. 3.2 No of registered vehicles Other most of import factor is no of registered vehicles in these two states. In table no 2 and 3 are provided entire no of vehicles in two states. Table no 2. No of registered vehicle in South Korea Year Registered Vehicle ( 1000 ) Increasing Rate ( % ) 2001 12,910 7.1 2002 13,950 8 2003 14,590 4.6 2004 14,930 2.4 2005 15,400 3.1 2006 15,900 3.2 2007 16,430 3.4 2008 16,790 2.2 Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Table no 3. No of registered vehicle in Sri Lanka Year Registered Vehicle ( 1000 ) Increasing Rate ( % ) 2001 1,779 2002 1,892 6.3 2003 2,074 9.7 2004 2,298 10.8 2005 2,527 10 2006 2,828 12 2007 3,126 10.5 2008 3,391 8.5 Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka Figure no 2.Registered vehicles in South Korea Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Figure no 3.Registered vehicles in Sri Lanka Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka In comparing with 2001 the no of vehicles has increased in 30 % twelvemonth 2008 in South Korea. There are 91 % important increase in Sri Lanka comparison with 2001 and 2008. Although degree of increased of entire no of vehicles in both states has decreased it is really important in 2004 in South Korea. 3.3 Traffic Accident in South Korea In the undermentioned tabular arraies and figures have been discussed about traffic accident volume and how many people killed by route accident in both states. Table no 4.Traffic Accident in South Korea Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Traffic Accidents Volume 290,481 260,579 230,953 240,832 220,755 214,171 213,745 211,662 251,822 Person Killed 10,236 8,097 7,090 7,212 6,563 6,376 6,327 6,166 5,870 Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Table no 5.Traffic Accident in Sri Lanka Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Traffic Accidents Volume 54,250 52,092 55,031 59,494 53,458 42,537 35,763 33,993 31,872 Person Killed 1992 1952 2029 1933 2116 2236 2238 2402 2328 Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka Figure no 4. Traffic Accident in South Korea Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Figure no 5. Traffic Accident in Sri Lanka Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka Although traffic accident volume has been decreased up to 2007 there is a considerable increase in 2008 in South Korea. In comparing with 2007, the traffic volume has been increased in 19 % in the twelvemonth 2008. In sing about Sri Lanka information the highest accident volume has been reported in twelvemonth 2003.The sum is 59,494 accidents. After 2003, there are noteworthy decreased in the traffic volume of Sri Lanka. When concerned about no of killed individual in accident there are large different with two state. Although in South Korea the no of killed individual in accident has been decreased twelvemonth by twelvemonth the Sri Lanka state of affairs is different. There has been reported a important increase about no of individual killed in accident. 4. Solutions for jobs 4.1 Traffic signal web To react traffic congestion in capital metropolis must be established new traffic signals in every traffic circle, cross route and necessary topographic points. It will be appreciable affected to cut down traffic congestion. The traffic signal web is established in 100 % in the developed states and many of other states. 4.2 Improve route substructure. It is necessary to build a modern route web, and upgrade bing roads to run into the state s economic and societal development demands. In add-on to the demand for bettering and rehabilitating deteriorated roads, there is an pressing demand to ship on a plan for the building of new intercity main roads. In sing about route substructure should concern about pavements and illegal buildings. It will be helped to ease more route infinite to the automobilist on the route. 4.3 Private sector investing The Government has limited capacity to finance public investings. Advanced funding schemes particularly private sector investing will be needed to mobilise sufficient support for such main roads. Using these financess can be improved route care and building and do route development sustainable. The authorities should advance private sector engagement in route substructure betterment. 4.4 Transport Planning and Coordination. Transport sector duties in Sri Lanka have been widen over a battalion of ministries and bureaus, taking to a extremely disconnected construction of decision-making. At present there are nine ministries with a direct duty for conveyance substructure. When taking determinations sing route substructure it have been affected for all these governments. In the past decennaries, many determinations have non match and there are besides large statement about these determinations. The Sri Lankan authorities should take necessary stairss to set up one establishment from garnering these all relevant establishments to supply a better conveyance services. 5. Policy execution 5.1 A national policy sing traffic signal The traffic signals will assist to better traffic flow on roads. These stairss would guarantee less traffic congestion and traffic accidents compare with old state of affairs. 5.2 Private investing Harmonizing to current state of affairs in the state, authorities should believe a national policy sing private investing on the route substructure. Lack of finance state of affairs in the authorities, this measure will be helped to authorities to better the route substructure in the state. 5.3 Reduce responsible establishments In present there are several establishments in sing route conveyance. It would non be good to taking the determinations. In sing that, can be arrange these all establishments under one policy sing the route transit. 6. Decision The efficiency of Sri Lanka s conveyance sector has blocked by a assortment of restraints. Sri Lanka depends on foreign trade and it can be increased by efficient conveyance web in the state. Globalization of trade has risen non merely from the liberalisation of trade, but besides from major progresss in communications, conveyance, and storage engineerings. On clip bringing of merchandises and riders has become a consequence of good transit web. For travel of people and transit of factors of production, semi-finished goods, and manufactured merchandises will necessitate efficient conveyance services. After following effectual and efficient policies sing transit web can be achieved a better conveyance web in the state.

Free Essays on Information Society In Europe

The Information Society will affect everyone in the world. Some people will actively take part in the development, others will use the emerging technologies to create business opportunities and the majority of the citizens will use the new applications and services. It is a challenge to create an Information Society for everyone in Europe, taken into account cultural differences, level of development in different regions, increased global competition in the information technology area, the implications for the citizens in Europe etc. In this respect the European Commission’s work consequently covers many areas of importance in the establishment of the Information Society. As an example of these important areas I would like to highlight the creation of a regulatory and legal framework to support the development of the Information Society (addressing issues like telecom liberalisation, interconnection, standards, copyright, privacy, encryption, intellectual property right, media ownership); the support for the development of infrastructure, applications, and services; social, the societal and cultural aspects and promotional activities for improving the citizens’ awareness of the possibilities and implications of the emerging technologies. To support the work and development in these areas the Commission has established several programmes and initiatives contributing to the development of the Information Society. The projects and initiatives financed cover many areas of the Information Society and range from basic research projects to awareness actions, each contributing to a better European position in terms of competitiveness and in the overall understanding of the implications, risks and opportunities the development of the Information Society will bring for the future.... Free Essays on Information Society In Europe Free Essays on Information Society In Europe The Information Society will affect everyone in the world. Some people will actively take part in the development, others will use the emerging technologies to create business opportunities and the majority of the citizens will use the new applications and services. It is a challenge to create an Information Society for everyone in Europe, taken into account cultural differences, level of development in different regions, increased global competition in the information technology area, the implications for the citizens in Europe etc. In this respect the European Commission’s work consequently covers many areas of importance in the establishment of the Information Society. As an example of these important areas I would like to highlight the creation of a regulatory and legal framework to support the development of the Information Society (addressing issues like telecom liberalisation, interconnection, standards, copyright, privacy, encryption, intellectual property right, media ownership); the support for the development of infrastructure, applications, and services; social, the societal and cultural aspects and promotional activities for improving the citizens’ awareness of the possibilities and implications of the emerging technologies. To support the work and development in these areas the Commission has established several programmes and initiatives contributing to the development of the Information Society. The projects and initiatives financed cover many areas of the Information Society and range from basic research projects to awareness actions, each contributing to a better European position in terms of competitiveness and in the overall understanding of the implications, risks and opportunities the development of the Information Society will bring for the future....

Fahrenheit 451 Study Guide

Fahrenheit 451 Study Guide Fahrenheit 451 is a novel by Ray Bradbury. Published in 1953, the book takes place in a dystopian future world where the job of a firefighter is to burn books, rather than put out fires. The main character, Guy Montag, is one such fireman, who slowly begins to perceive the world around him as perverse and superficial even as it slides inexorably towards a nuclear war. A commentary on the power of literacy and critical thought, Fahrenheit 451 remains a potent reminder of how quickly a society can fall apart. Fast Facts: Fahrenheit 451 Author: Ray BradburyPublisher: Ballantine BooksYear Published: 1953Genre: Science FictionType of Work: NovelOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Censorship, technology, conformityCharacters: Guy Montag, Mildred Montag, Clarisse McClellan, Captain Beatty, Professor Faber, GrangerNotable Adaptations: 1966 film by Franà §ois Truffaut; 2018 HBO adaptation by Ramin BahraniFun Fact: Bradbury wrote Fahrenheit 451 on rented typewriters at his local library, spending $9.80 to write the book. Plot Summary The protagonist, Guy Montag, is a fireman whose job is to burn hidden caches of books, which are forbidden in this unspecified future society. At first, he goes about his job fairly mindlessly, but a conversation with a non-conforming teenager spurs him to question society. He develops a restless dissatisfaction that cannot be quashed. Montag steals a Bible and smuggles it into his home. When he reveals the book (and the others hes stolen) to his wife Mildred, she panics at the thought of losing their income and thus the huge wall-sized televisions she watches constantly. Montag’s boss, Captain Beatty, gives him 24 hours to burn the book or face the consequences. Montag eventually buries his book collection with help from Faber, a former professor. Soon, however, a call comes in for the Firemen to burn a new book cache- and the address is Montag’s house. Beatty insists that Montag do the burning; in response, Montag kills him and flees into the countryside. There, he meets a group of drifters who tell him of their mission to memorize books in order to eventually rebuild society. At the end of the book, there is a nuclear attack on the city, and Montag and the drifters head out to begin rebuilding. Major Characters Guy Montag. The protagonist of the story, Guy is a fireman who has been illegally hoarding and reading books. His blind faith in society erodes and opens his eyes to the decline of civilization. His efforts to resist conformity make him a criminal. Mildred Montag. Guy’s wife. Mildred has retreated entirely into a fantasy world stoked television. Mildred is unable to comprehend Guy’s dissatisfaction and behaves in a childish, superficial manner throughout the story. Her behavior represents society at large. Clarisse McClellan. A teenage girl who lives in Guy Montag’s neighborhood. She is curious and non-comformist, representing the nature of youth before the corrupting effects of society and materialism. She is the catalyst for Montag’s mental awakening. Captain Beatty. Montag’s boss. Beatty is a former intellectual whose disappointment in books’ inability to truly solve problems has turned him into an anti-intellectual. Beatty tells Montag that books must be burned because they make people unhappy without offering real solutions. Professor Faber. Once a professor of English, Faber is a meek, timid man who deplores what society has become but lacks the bravery to do anything about it. Faber embodies Bradbury’s belief that knowledge without the willingness to use it is useless. Granger. The leader of a group of drifters who have escaped society. Granger and the drifters preserve knowledge and wisdom by memorizing books. He explains to Montag that history is cyclical, and that a new age of wisdom will follow the current age of ignorance. Major Themes Freedom of Thought vs. Censorship. The novel is set in a society where the state forbids certain kinds of thought. Books contain the collected wisdom of humanity; denied access to them, people lack the mental skills to resist their government. The Dark Side of Technology. Passive pastimes like watching TV are portrayed as harmful purveyors of passive consumption. Technology in the book is consistently used to punish, oppress, and otherwise harm the characters. Obedience vs. Rebellion. Humanity assists in its own oppression. As Captain Beatty explains, banning books didn’t require effort- people chose to ban books, because the knowledge in them made them think, which made them unhappy. Literary Style Bradbury uses rich language filled with metaphors, similes, and figurative speech throughout the book. Even Montag, who has no formal education, thinks in terms of animal images and poetic, deeply beautiful symbols. Captain Beatty and Professor Faber frequently quote poets and great writers. Bradbury also uses animal imagery throughout to associate technology with dangerous predators. About the Author Born in 1920, Ray Bradbury was one of the most important writers of the 20th century, particularly in the science fiction genre. Bradbury framed technology and supernatural forces as dangerous and foreboding, which reflected the anxious, uneasy atmosphere of the newly atomic post-World War II world.