(When I saw a lady in a ballgown....I was frankly terrified.... and I Essay

(At the point when I saw a woman in a ballgown....I was honestly terrified.... what's more, I needed to call a police officer) Are lady spoken to as the operators or the casualties of sexual - Essay Example (eNotes, 2009.) Leo Tolstoy was conceived at Yasnaya Polyana, in Tula Province. He was the fourth in five youngsters. His folks kicked the bucket when he was a kid, and he was raised by family members. In 1844 Tolstoy began his investigations of law and oriental dialects at Kazan University, yet he never took a degree. Disappointed with the standard of training, he returned in his examinations back to Yasnaya Polyana, and afterward invested quite a bit of his energy in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In 1847 Tolstoy was treated for venereal malady. In the wake of contracting substantial betting obligations, Tolstoy went with in 1851 his senior sibling Nikolay to the Caucasus, and joined a big guns regiment. During the 1850s Tolstoy additionally started his artistic vocation. The title of Count had been given on his predecessor in the mid eighteenth century by Peter the Great. The Kreutzer Sonata is a story of sexual fixation and desire. A commonplace businessperson (Posdnicheff) gets fixated on his wifes relationship with a musician, with whom she plays couples. The peak of his envy comes during a presentation by his better half and her musician accomplice of Beethovens Violin Sonata no.9 in A significant, known as the Kreutzer sonata, after which Posdnicheff murders his significant other. The thought for The Kreutzer Sonata was given to Tolstoy by the entertainer V.N. Andreev-Burlak during his visit at Yasnaya Polyana in June 1887. In the spring of 1888 a novice execution of Beethovens Kreutzer Sonata occurred in Tolstoys home and it made the creator come back to a thought he had during the 1860s. The epic is written as an edge story and set on a train. The discussions among the travelers form into a conversation of the establishment of marriage. Posdnicheff, the central character, recounts his childhood and his ensuing regret and self-appall. Posdnicheff accepts that his better half is taking part in an extramarital entanglements with a performer and he attempts to choke her, and afterward

Communication and Professional Skills

Unit 5 Communication and expert aptitudes inside youngster care and instruction D1/D2 Select four parts of expert practice and give reasons why each picked viewpoint is basic and who this may influence. There are numerous parts of expert practice, these viewpoints are essential to be followed. Working in association with medicinal services and different experts: working intimately with different experts in the setting is significant for the security of the youngsters. Conveying about the necessities of the youngsters will assist us with helping the kids with their turn of events and help us to monitor their development’s stage. Likewise filling in as a group being predictable about the choices made will give the kids a decent good example and normal, in any case youngsters can get very confounds and lost. Regarding classification approach is critical to protect kids, passing data to the opportune individual, guarding data/bolted, utilizing it just when important, and meaning to support the kid. Data abused can raise an incredible ruckus to the youngster and the grown-up; accordingly, we experts need to ensure all data are remained careful and secret. Perspectives to work is tied in with being a decent good example, it is a major piece of instructing kids, we should consistently recall that, kids will rehash everything that we do or say. As grown-ups and professionals it is essential to be a decent good example, kids likewise pick up duplicating us, figure out how to talk, to act their selves, to spruce up, to eat, to communicate their selves. Being a decent good example is tied in with sprucing up suitably for the activity, having a decent stance, talking clear (not swearing, not yelling), regarding the kids and the group we work with. Great time keeping and participation is significant for the smooth running in the setting, additionally to keep children’s routine and follow the designs for exercises. To be on schedule, it is essential to ensure you live home with time enough to be grinding away on schedule, if vital live five minutes sooner. It is smarter to be sooner than later. D3 †Include instances of how you are building up the information or aptitudes that will improve each chosen part of expert work on During noon youngsters are probably going to hurt their selves, knowing who the first-aider individual are and where they are is extremely valuable and supportive, in light of the fact that at whatever point there is a kid with issue I can go directly to them and help the kid. I have being figuring out how to watch the youngsters and to speak with wellbeing carers and different experts, how to act myself and how to react to children’s get rowdy. There are a few kids with learning challenges in my homeroom, and to ensure them the school has a framework, which isolates the youngsters by table hues and we realize that, there is a particular shading for that unique needs table and it is done thusly to shield the kids from being harassed by other kids or manhandled in any capacity. It is a method of keeping data about them secret, while recognizing their requirements. So I have learned various methods of managing data and as yet keeping it classified. I have being figuring out how to pose myself around the youngsters and how to react to them when they get into mischief. At this stage I have figured out how to hear them out, the significance of PIN No: 10/681015 them tuning in to me, the utilization of fitting language, to take a gander at after my stance when I converse with them. They take a gander at me and they might need to resemble me, thus it is significant that I am a decent good example for them, having a decent disposition to work. During my work position I have figured out how to be a decent time manager, I have improved my time, getting up prior, heading to sleep as prior as conceivable to get a decent rest, to set up my lunch the prior night, to compose what I am earing the prior night. Youngsters do see when we are late and it can influence them, as different experts in the setting. There are consistently methods of ensuring we are on schedule. D4 †Include instances of your powerful correspondence with kids and with guardians I have helped a youngster to do her maths work out, she didn’t need to do it, so I disclosed to her that her folks would not be exceptionally upbeat on the off chance that she didn’t accomplish her work and that she would need to see them cheerful. She thought for a second and completed her activity in a short time. When speaking with guardians I realize that I should be aware, delicate to their sentiments, since certain guardians might be progressively hard to manage and it is hard for them to hear that their kids isn't doing tantamount to different youngsters or make them learn troubles or are extraordinary requirements kids. In the nursery before there was a year and a half young lady, she was great, useful, savvy, cordial; she was continually playing pleasantly with different youngsters and grinning. One day in transit out I’ve met her mum and revealed to her that her kid was great and that she was exceptionally kind, brilliant, and accommodating. I educated her concerning her turn of events and how great she was; her mum was cheerful and was appreciative to me and glad for her little girl. At the point when I speak with kids I get down to their level, look at them without flinching, hear them out cautiously, talk gradually and clear, allow them to talk and I am extremely persistent with them. D5 †Provide proof to show how you keep up classification in work with kids and guardians The manner in which we keep up secrecy in the current setting, where I work right now, is following the school’s approaches and methodology. All the secret data about the youngsters/families are kept/secured in the primary office and just approved people can approach it and just if essential, to support the kids. In the event that there is a need to converse with the family or another expert about a child’s issue, it is critical that the people included go to a private room, where they can talk secretly, keeping the discussion classified. All perceptions that are expounded on the youngsters must be remained careful/bolted and just imparted to guardians/families, directors, or medicinal services experts (if necessary). To secure the youngsters, I will consistently allude to my director and inquire as to whether there is any indication of misuse or in the event that I notice any unordinary carry on about the kids. D6 †Provide proof of ways that you are getting ready for business and discovering data about expert turn of events The manner in which I am getting ready for business is building up my abilities in kid care all through the course, learning and building up my insight, additionally procuring involvement with the work arrangement. I am taking a shot at my Curriculum Vitae, making it respectable, and putting all the data about my experience. I am looking on the web to get some answers concerning organizations and propositions for employment, to get some answers concerning settings, pay rate, openings. I am doing examines about the settings, the historical backdrop of the setting, how they work, on the off chance that it is enrolled with offstead, to ensure I will be working inside a decent practice. I am likewise seeing news papers and magazines. We had a work office, represented considerable authority in youngster care, which went to the school to converse with us about the chances and offered us to enlist with them and they will assist us with finding a vocation in kid care, I will enlist myself with this organization, as they appear to be great and have great job offers. To build my profession openings I am planning to proceed with my investigations in youngster care, I am investigating considering level 3 in kid care, since I realize it will assist me with enhancing my chances. D7 †Show a comprehension of decent variety and comprehensive practice A comprehensive way to deal with work with kids implies that you can address and comprehend the issues of every kid. Each youngster needs some individual time and consideration, and no kid should turn into a most loved inside the setting. A comprehensive methodology includes contemplating the manner by which every youngster fee ls esteemed and has a sentiment of having a place. You should ensure that your collaborations with each youngster are sure and that you intentionally consider every kid to ensure that they are not forgotten about. † (Cache level 2, Child care and training, Tassoni. P, page 216). When working in organization with human services and different experts, to regard assorted variety and follow comprehensive practice it is critical to regard the youngster and the family’s foundation; it is imperative to be reasonable and non judgemental and to keep data classified. On the off chance that a kid has any sort of sickness, uncommon necessities, enduring any sort of misuse, to secure the kid this data must be imparted uniquely to the individuals required to support the youngster and no one else, it is additionally essential to regard the kid however much as would be expected as could be expected, so the kid won't get a handle on left. On account of having risky guardians/families, we should be exceptionally watchful and if necessary converse with the guardians/families, ensuring we go to a private spot, where the discussion can be private. It is essential to follow the strategies and techniques similarly with all youngsters and guardians/families to ensure they feel treated the equivalent and ideally have the option to support them. It is critical to ensure that kids with handicaps or learning troubles are associated with the exercises, giving reasonable assets to their necessities and regarding them as similarly as conceivable to different kids. It is imperative to ensure that settings will give various hardware, materials, to mirror all religions, societies and foundations, to cause all kids and family to feel great when going to the settings. Another approach to show great practice is being a decent good example, treating the various experts with deference and similarly; treating kids and families no different, in spite of their experience, religion, culture,

3 Common Mistakes Side Hustlers Make (and How to Avoid Them)

3 Common Mistakes Side Hustlers Make (and How to Avoid Them) 3 Common Mistakes Side Hustlers Make (And How to Avoid Them) 3 Common Mistakes Side Hustlers Make (And How to Avoid Them)You work hard for your money. Avoid these oversights to make sure your side gig or freelance job is working for you and not the other way around.When cash is tight, people often turn to side gigs and freelancing or contract work. And while this work is flexible and may help pad your bank account, it also comes with a set of rules and requirements than many people â€" especially those who are used to working as a true full- or part-time employee â€" simply don’t know. These pitfalls can actually end up costing you money. Here are some common mistakes to avoid when taking on a side hustle.Mistake No. 1: Not paying quarterly taxesBeverly Miller, a Pittsburgh-based personal finance coach, says one of the most common mistakes side hustlers make is not setting aside money â€" or not setting aside enough money â€" to pay taxes. Side hustlers often don’t realize they have to pay self-employment taxes, essentially 15%” of your income, she says, which covers Social Security and Medicare obligations. When you are an employee, your employer withholds this part of your paycheck for taxes, but when you are side hustling, you are the employer.Keep in mind this is an additional tax on top of your income tax. “Between federal, state, and local income taxes, plus the self-employment tax,” says Miller, “that can eat up 25% to 30%” of your earnings.Setting the money aside â€" the full 30% of earnings â€" is important because most people are used to having their taxes taken out of their paycheck and sent to the tax authorities by their employer. When you side hustle, that responsibility falls on you. That means you can’t spend your entire paycheck once you get it, or you could end up thousands of dollars in the hole when Uncle Sam comes knocking.You also can’t wait to shore up at the end of the year as your would if you were someone’s employee. You have to pay quarterly via the estimated quarterly tax p ayments, Miller says. That means you have to pay four different times throughout the year. (See the Freelancers Union 2019 guidelines for the payment schedule and other tips.)According to the IRS website, “Individuals, including sole proprietors, partners, and S corporation shareholders, generally have to make estimated tax payments if they expect to owe tax of $1,000 or more when their return is filed.” Yes, that includes side hustlers and freelancers. If you don’t pay estimated taxes, don’t pay enough taxes, or if you pay them late, you may be subject to fines, penalties, and interest, which can add up quick. “I’ve seen plenty of folks in debt on their taxes due to these mistakes,” Miller says.In general, in order to avoid fines, you must pay at least 90% of your owed taxes for the current year through quarterly payments, or 100% of your obligation from last year, whichever one is smaller.In order to avoid tax surprises or penalties, you may want to consider hiring a tax professional to help you. They will make sure you are following the rules and paying exactly what you owe â€" and not more â€" on time. They frequently “pay for themselves” when you consider how much they help you save.Mistake No. 2: Not staying organizedSteven Byrd, a financial coach at Hearthstone Financial Coaching, has plenty of experience helping side hustlers with their finances. In addition to coaching, he has also worked as a 2018 IRS-certified volunteer income tax preparer, running a Volunteer Income Tax Assistance) tax site for a nonprofit called Impact America, which had many clients that did contract work on the side.“The absolute biggest way I have seen people lose money on side hustles is a lack of organization,” Byrd says. The first step he recommends for anyone who runs their own business or side gig?   Opening a separate bank account for their business. “Its pretty easy to open a business bank account as a side hustler now,” he says.A business accou nt that is separate from your personal account helps you easily keep track of money coming in and money coming out of your business. When you combine your personal and business expenses in one account, finances can often get blurry and complicated, which can become a mess when it comes time to pay your taxes. Housing all of your income in one bank account also makes it easier to spend money you should be reserving for your business, which can lead to financial problems.A crucial component of your side hustle to track? Your business expenses, which can reduce your tax burden at the end of the year. “Businesses need to track absolutely everything, and Ive seen a lot of people leave money on the table at tax time because they didnt have receipts to actually deduct their expenses,”Byrd says.Mistake No. 3: Not accounting for the cost of doing businessMike Scott, senior mortgage and loan originator at Independent Bank, reviews tax returns on a daily basis and has seen the mistakes sid e hustlers make first hand. “Probably the single biggest mistake I see is that people focus on the immediate cost and benefit, rather than taking into account the long-term costs,” he says.He uses ride-share drivers as an example. “They look at it and say that they have made $160 in 8 hours of driving, and that all it cost them was a tank of gas, since they have a vehicle that gets 40 mpg, for example,” Scott says. “What they do not take into account is that they drove 300 miles in that 8 hours to make the $160.” Those 300 miles means the car requires more maintenance, such as replacing oil, filters, windshield wipers, tires, and more. This also doesn’t account for the depreciation of the vehicle due to regular wear and tear.According to Scott, an average low-end estimate for the cost to operate a vehicle is about 40 cents a mile. This accounts for the types of maintenance costs listed above as well as long-term costs, such as replacing an engine, and some of the vehic le depreciation costs.“The driver that made $160 but put 300 miles on their car typically only subtracts the cost of gas, or about $20,” to find their profit, Scott says. “In their minds, they made $140 for 8 hours of side hustle.”However, this is far from the truth. “The reality is that it cost them about $120 to drive that 300 miles, so they made $40 for 8 hours of work. That ends up being less than minimum wage.”This is just one example. Depending on the industry in which you work, you may be required to obtain specific licenses or certifications, follow certain zoning laws, or carry specific types of business insurance. Following these laws and regulations costs a certain amount of money, and failing to follow them can end up costing you money in fines, penalties, or legal ramifications. For more information on this topic, visit the Small Business Administration website.When side hustlers run into debtNot paying taxes, disorganization, and ignoring the cost of doing business can have dire effects on your pocketbook when the whole point of the side hustle was making extra cash.People who have trouble paying monthly expenses are more prone to looking for short-term solutions, such as running up credit card debt or seeking out risky short-term loans, such as no credit check loans, bad credit loans, or other types of personal loans. These products can often do more harm than good, leading people into a cycle of debt they can’t escape.For side hustlers or gig workers who could use some extra tips, check out this article from OppLoans: “6 Financial Bummers of Going Freelance â€" And How to Make Them Not Suck.”

Comparing The Opening Shots in Baz Luhrmann and Franco...

Comparing The Opening Shots in Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirellis Versions of Romeo and Juliet This essay will compare two versions of Romeo and Juliet directed by Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirelli. In order for me to comment on both versions of Romeo and Juliet I will compare the opening shots, the way the main characters are introduced and the types of music and costumes used in each version. Baz Luhrmanns film takes place in contemporary America. The latest version of Romeo and Juliet was filmed in 1997 at Verona Beach, California. The director chose this area because it is somewhat exotic and because it is seen as a city -state with its importance in America. Its also an area young†¦show more content†¦The prologue gives the audience helpful information on the latest goings on in Verona, which helps to fill you in on what is happening. As the prologue continues I become aware of the original Shakespearian language that is used, The fearful passage of their death-marked love. The use of opposition within the text is effective in conveying the contrast between Romeo and Juliet and the two families. As well as this, death and love are opposites that dont normally feature in the same sentence, causing a strong, instant effect on the audience. Although the Luhrmann film has a modern setting and opens with a news anchorwoman reading the prologue from the play, it is read in one go and there is nothing offered to the viewer to make it clearer. It seems that Luhrmann wants to set up a traditional presentation of the words so that when his vision appears it is even more explosive. Although Luhrmann works hard at communicating the text, the American-speaking actors prove a difficulty. Dialogue is certainly not of prime importance in this film. In Luhrmanns film the words remain Shakespearean whereas the images are very much in the late 20th century. Using a television and a reporter gives me the feeling the director is trying to achieve a modern version of the film oneShow MoreRelatedComparing the Openings of the Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann775 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Openings of the Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann Both openings of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann show similarities and contrasts. Although both versions are faithful to the text as the words spoken by the voiceover in the Prologue are the same, the methods of presentation are clearly different. Zeffirelli places the film in the 17th century and takes a more traditional approach. By using a white

The Quarrel Between Two Princes - 1590 Words

Gargiulo 2 Teddy Gargiulo English 242 Professor Mufti 13 February 2015 Paper # 1: Close Reading ?Sometimes the quarrel between two princes is to decide which of them shall dispossess a third of his dominions, where neither of them pretend to any right. Sometimes one prince quarreleth with one another; for fear the other should quarrel with him. Sometimes a war is entered upon, because the enemy is too strong, and sometimes because he is too weak. Sometimes our neighbors want the things which we have, or have the things which we want; and we will both fight, til they take ours or give us theirs. It is a very justifiable cause of war to invade a country after the people have been wasted by famine, destroyed by pestilence, or embroiled by factions amongst themselves. It is justifiable to enter into a war against our nearest ally, when one of his towns lie convenient to us, or a territory or land, that would render our dominions round and compact. If a prince send forces into a nation, where the people are poor and ignorant, he may lawfull y put half of them to death, and make slaves of the rest, in order to civilize and reduce them from their barbarous way of living.? (Swift 2602). This quotation comes from the middle of chapter five, part four of Gulliver?s Travels, by Johnathon Swift, as Gulliver begins explaining the state of England to the master Houyhnhnm, and more specifically, why princes in England go to war with one another. This passage is of particular importShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1275 Words   |  6 Pageshatred, however, the prologue tells the reader that from these two families full of bitter hate, a pair of lovers will come. But it is also already foretold that they were not destined to survive. Hate can be an all-consuming force, and that is not only true, but very evident throughout the play. The rancorous family feud develops much of the action and manifests more feuds as the plot continues on, these being the quarrel between the two families’ servants, Mercuti o against Tybalt, and Romeo againstRead MoreOroonoko and Gullivers Travels Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pagesdestructive nature. Oroonoko is the story of an African prince turned slave. The very way that he became a slave shows how sneaky Europeans were. â€Å"so that the captain, who had well laid his design before, gave the word and seized on all his guests; they clapping great irons suddenly on the Prince when he was leaped in the hold to view that part of the vessel† [p. 318]. This tells of how the captain played as if he was giving the Prince a tour of his ship but instead he put chains on him and betrayedRead MoreRomeo and Juliet Fate or Free Will797 Words   |  4 Pagestheir love, more plain to see was turmoil and conflict between the Capulets and the Montagues. More specifically, Tybalt and Mercutio got into a brawl about Romeo going uninvited to Capulets ball. This is the first of many conflicts in Shakespeares play. Right after Romeo and Juliet were married, Romeo was drawn into a bloody battle with Mercutio and the fiery Tybalt. Shakespeare then goes on to state through Mercutio, Thou w ilt quarrel with/ a man that hath a hair more or a hair less in hisRead MoreParallels Between The Syrian Civil War And Romeo And Juliet1197 Words   |  5 PagesNandhini Ekambaram Ms. Merino-Ott English honors 9 26 February 2017 Parallels between the Syrian Civil War and Romeo and Juliet When people say history repeats itself, they are not lying. A modern conflict in today’s world can relate to the events that happened in a play written in the 1500’s. The play, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, can relate to the ongoing Syrian Civil War. In both circumstances, people not anticipating the consequences of their actions made decisionsRead MoreViolence and Conflict in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare765 Words   |  4 Pagesand Conflict in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet is a tragic play written by William Shakespeare. This play is about star crossed lovers who are from two different warring families, the Capulets and the Montagues. Romeo, the leading male of the play is of the Montague family and his destined lover Juliet is of the Capulets. In this essay I am discussing the violence and conflict in fourRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1989 Words   |  8 Pageswith a brawl between the servants from the Montague and Capulet households. Benvolio, Romeo’s cousin, attempts to stop the fight but is drawn into the fray by Tybalt, kinsman of the Capulets. More citizens become involved and the fight escalates rapidly and soon the heads of both household appear on the scene. The riot is stopped when Prince Escalus arrives and forbids anymore outbreaks of violence on pain of death. Slide 2: Analysis: The play opens with vulgar jokes exchanged between servants, thisRead MoreHate Between William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1490 Words   |  6 PagesHate between more than one causes everlasting tragedy. Such as the young love between Romeo and Juliet. It was between two enemy families, the Montagues, and the Capulets. Romeo had found his way into the Capulet home for a feast for the friends of Capulet and family. He falls in love with Juliet at the party and he falls in love with her, love at first sight for them. There are constant quarrels between the rivaling families, which slowly tore it all apart between the two young lovers. The fightsRead MoreEssay on William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing1447 Words   |  6 Pagesassociated with relationships that take place during the adolescent stages of peopleamp;#8217;s lives, but in Much Ado About Nothing these types of goings on take place between a mature man and woman. These characters are Benedick and Beatrice. Every time they met, battles of wit and words begin. Not one kind word was uttered between the two. Their love was never to be realized though, until they both fell victim to underhanded plots devised by their friends. Their odd road to romance was an aspect ofRead MoreViolence in Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare.1683 Words   |  7 Pagesbeginning of the whole feud between the two families, and how it will play an important role in the story. From ancient grudge break to new mutiny. Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. The fearful passage of their death-marked love, And the continuance of their parents rage, Which, but their childrens end, nought could remove The ancient grudge between the two families brings hate and revenge to the time of Romeo, and becomes a barrier between the two loves, preventing them fromRead More Cinderella Syndrome Essay720 Words   |  3 Pagesand the prince lived, they say, happily ever after, like two dolls in a museum case that was never bothered by diapers or dust.† Today’s teenage girls have been brought up by women who read Sexton and her peers and who have taught their daughters that they can want it all, marriage, career, family. But can they have it all? I feel that this demonstrates, women still walk the tightrope between society competing expectations. Can a woman maintain her own identity while falling for her prince? As

Uncertainty Reduction Theory Annotated Bibliography Free Essays

Theory amp; Rhetoric Annotated Bibliography Uncertainty Reduction Theory 1). Witt, P. , amp; Behnke, R. We will write a custom essay sample on Uncertainty Reduction Theory Annotated Bibliography or any similar topic only for you Order Now (2006). Anticipatory Speech Anxiety as a Function of Public Speaking Assignment Type. Communication Education, 55(2), 167-177. doi:10. 1080/03634520600566074. * Research Questions: -Why does public speaking generate anticipatory anxiety? -Is public speaking anxiety dependent on assignment type? -How can anticipatory public speaking anxiety be controlled? Key Terms: Public Speaking, Speech Anxiety, State Anxiety, Trait Anxiety, Assignment Type * Thesis: Most individuals who enroll in communication courses do so in order to improve their presentational skills and to increase the enjoyment that they derive from their communication performances. * Theoretical Perspective: -Uncertainty Reduction Theory -Interpretive * Case Studies: -185 undergrads in entry level communication performance course -171 undergrads in entry level communication performance course * Implications: Therapeutic Intervention, Pedagogical Application * Future Research Questions: Can anticipatory public speaking anxi ety not only be controlled but eliminated? -Is there any method that can help change trait anxiety as easily as state anxiety? -How can a better understanding of trait anxiety help ease anticipatory anxiety? 2). Pratt, L. , amp; Wiseman, R. (1999). Interrogative strategies and information exchange in computer-mediated communication. Communication Quarterly, 47(1), 46-66. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -Is there a difference between face-to-face communication and computer mediated communication? How does age coincide with computer mediated communication? -Are different styles of computer mediated communication dependent on geographical location? * Key Terms: Uncertainty Reduction, Asynchronous Communication, Interrogative Strategies, Question Typologies, Content Analysis * Thesis: Results suggest that the interrogative strategies we engage in to achieve interpersonal connectedness are sometimes different in computer-mediated communication (CMC) and a new standard for transacting relational message exchange may be emerging. * Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Social Exchange Theory * Case Studies: 200 â€Å"epals† selected for content analysis of their emails to each other -316 messages analyzed between 10 pairs of â€Å"epals† * Implications: -People react differently to emails because they lack the requirement for an immediate response. -The shorter the time between a sent and read email will increase the chance of response. * Future Research Questions: -Why do â€Å"epals† want to know about others attitudes and opinions? -Is the medium redefining the type of message we send? – Is the quality of selective message construction found in asynchronous e-mail (Walther, 1996a) producing a new standard for interpersonal connectedness? ). Goldsmith, D. (2001). A Normative Approach to the Study of Uncertainty and Communication. Journal of Communication, 51(3), 514. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -How can uncertainty reduction theory be applied outside of stranger to stranger interactions? -How do di fferent communities treat uncertainty in communication? -What are the different levels of uncertainty in communication? * Key Terms: Frequency of Communication Behaviors, Level of Uncertainty, Level of Relational Qualities * Thesis: A normative pproach entails a shift in focus from measuring level of uncertainty to examining multiple and potentially conflicting meanings of uncertainty, a shift from measuring communication behaviors to evaluating communication practices, and a shift from predicting what people will do to predicting and explaining the effectiveness and appropriateness of what they do in response of uncertainty. * Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Critical * Case Studies: -Puerto Rican Community -Western Apache Community -Malagasy Community -White, College Educated North Americans * Implications: Uncertainty is a fundamental human experience. -Different communities react to communication uncertainty differently. -Uncertainty is not static there are many forms of uncertainty that need to be taken into consideration differently. * Future Research Questions: -What can uncertainty in other cultures teach us about our own uncertainty? -How has uncertainty in communication changed over time? -How does the frequency of behaviors affect the overall uncertainty of a relationship? 4). Maguire, K. (2007). â€Å"Will It Ever End? â€Å": A (Re)examination of Uncertainty in College Student Long-Distance Dating Relationships. Communication Quarterly, 55(4), 415-432. doi:10. 1080/01463370701658002. * Research Questions: -How does a long distance relationship affect a person’s daily life? -What kinds of uncertainty do long distance relationships lead to? -How does an individual in a long distance relationship cope with stress compared to someone in a close relationship? * Key Terms: Coping, Distress, Long-Distance Relationships, Relationship Satisfaction, Uncertainty * Thesis: Research in the area of stress and coping suggests that a close relationship with a romantic partner helps individuals cope with stress * Theoretical Perspective: Uncertainty Reduction Theory -Uncertainty Management Theory -Interpretive * Case Studies: -Undergrads from a South-Central college -Norton’s Quality Marriage Index * Implications: -Any relationship where the partner is too far to visit every day is considered a long distance relationship. – Close relationships are more successful than long distance relationships. -Uncertainty is not inherently problematic in long distance relationships * Future Research Questions: -What can be done to ensure success in a long distance relationship in terms of uncertainty? Why is the visual/physical aspect of a relationship over power the uncertainty found in long distance relationships? -How is relational uncertainty not inherently an unwanted state? 5). Brumfield, E. (2008). Using Online Tutorials to Reduce Uncertainty in Information Seeking Behavior. Journal of Library Administration, 48(3/4), 365-377. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -How does asynchronous delivery differ from synchronous delivery? -How does the lengt h of the tutorial affect its overall effectiveness? How does the design of the tutorial affect its quantity of use? Key Terms: Distance Learners, Distance Education, Information Seeking Behavior, Online Tutorials * Thesis: Information seeking behavior results from a determination of an information need and the realization that there is insufficient knowledge to address that need.. * Theoretical Perspective: -Uncertainty Reduction Theory -Interpretive * Case Studies: -Wilson, Ford Research -Aamp;M University -Stephen F. Austin University * Implications: -The overall effectiveness of tutorials is dependent on a large number of variables such as visual appeal. – The students skill and attitude play a big role it a tutorials effectiveness. Future Research Questions: -What can be done to help improve student’s attitudes towards tutorials? -How has the introduction of these tutorials help reduce uncertainty in personal relationships? -Can these findings be applied to cultures other than our own? 6). Rubin, R. , amp; McHugh, M. (1987). Development of Parasocial Interaction Relationships. Journal of Broadcasting amp; Electronic Media, 31(3), 279-292. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -How do viewers become attached to specific television characters? Are there any universal qualities that attract viewers to characters? -How can uncertainty reduction and uses and gratification theory help explain these character to viewer relations? * Key Terms: Social Interaction, Uncertainty, Interpersonal Communication, Television Characters * Thesis: This investigation explored the possibility of a parallel pattern of relationship development with media characters, applying principles from both uses and gratifications and uncertainty reduction theories to understand further the development of parasocial interaction relationships. Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Critical -Uses and Gratification Theory * Case Studies: – Parasocial Interaction Scale Survey Study -The 15 Item Scale Study * Implications: -Social attraction is key in developing parasocial interaction relationships. -Attraction occurs through a great level of exposure to a character. -Relationship importance is a construct that differs from attraction. * Future Research Questions: – How can the findings of these studies be applied to network television? How does the uncertainty reduction theory apply to non face-to-face relationships such as in a television character? – How can the results of these studies relate to the concept of market research? 7). Theiss, J. , amp; Solomon, D. (2008). Parsing the Mechanisms that Increase Relational Intimacy: The Effects of Uncertainty Amount, Open Communication About Uncertainty, and the Reduction of Uncertainty. Human Communication Research, 34(4), 625-654. doi:10. 1111/j. 1468-2958. 2008. 00335. x. * Research Questions: Why are there 3 competing mechanisms that affect the amount of intimacy in romantic relationships? -Which of the 3 mechanisms is the most effective in romantic relationships? -Are there any variables that interrupt the effectiveness of the 3 mechanisms? * Key Terms: Uncertainty, Intimacy, Interpersonal Relations, * Thesis: Uncertainty and its management hold a prominent place in the study of interpersonal communication. * Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Critical -Uncertainty Reduction Theory * Case Studies: -Longitudinal Study Distinguishing Uncertainty Implications: -There is something inherently rewarding about the process in reducing uncertainty. -Openness of communication about uncertainty has a positive impact on perceptions of intimacy. -The uncertainty reduction process is perceived as rewarding in close relationships. * Future Research Questions: -How can the findings of this study help intimate relationships in turmoil? -Are there any other factors that affect intimate relationships outside of the 3 mechanisms discussed in this study? -Are there any instances contrary to this study? How to cite Uncertainty Reduction Theory Annotated Bibliography, Papers

The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay Paper Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean in South Asia, 65 610 square kg metres in country, divided into nine administrative states where population of about 21 million in 2009. The state measures about 400 kilometres from North to South and 250 kilometer from East to West. The entire length of roadway in Sri Lanka is 112,603 kilometer in 2009. The figure of vehicles in Sri Lanka in 2009 is 2,245,108. By 1948, when Sri Lanka became independent, there were about 11,000 kilometers of roads, of which about 7,000 kilometers were paved. Sri Lanka has a route web of approximately 112,603km, consisting about 11,760 kilometers of national roads ; 15,743 kilometer of provincial roads ; 80,600 kilometer of local authorization roads ; and 4,500 kilometer of roads owned or controlled by irrigation, wildlife, and land development governments. These national main roads comprise roads that are categorized as Class A and B roads, the highest classs in Sri Lanka s route hierarchy. Provincial roads are categorized as Class C, D, and E roads. While the capacity of local and rural roads has been expanded since 1948, most of the bole roads day of the month back to pre-independence old ages and their capacity has become unequal owing in portion to neglected care. Road conditions are by and large hapless. We will write a custom essay sample on The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Roadss are the spinal column of the conveyance sector in Sri Lanka. They are important for the motion of people and goods and play a critical function in incorporating the state, easing economic growing, and finally cut downing poorness. National roads are keeping over 70 per centum of the traffic in Sri Lanka. Roadss are really of import for the big bulk of Sri Lanka s people who live in the small towns. They are frequently the lone manner for most rural people to make necessary services such as infirmaries, schools, markets, and Bankss, which are largely situated far from their small towns. 1.2 Problem Background The installation of smooth traffic motion is an decoration every bit good as an plus to any metropolis. But capital metropolis of Sri Lanka is confronting a large job with traffic job. Traffic job has aggravated by the attending of all signifiers economic, commercial and administrative maps in the metropolis. The metropolis of Colombo attracts about 1.5 Million drifting population on a on the job twenty-four hours and with the add-on of the resident population in the metropolis. The entire population in the metropolis increases to more than 2 Million during the daylight. It is estimated that approximately 50 % of the transposing population arrives in the metropolis for employment or to link in commercial activities and or to go to educational establishments. The remainder comes to the metropolis for assorted other intents. Commuting population are used assorted signifiers of transit to come in the metropolis. Both the figure of vehicles and the riders come ining the City are increasing twelvemonth by twelvemonth. Traffic congestion is often increasing as more and more people buy vehicles. At the same clip the residential population and the ownership of vehicles within the metropolis bounds will besides see a singular growing. Vehicles are come ining to the City from 9 entry points on working yearss have been estimated to be about 275,000, and this is in add-on to the part to the traffic floor by the usage of vehicles of the occupants in the metropolis. The combination of these facets outcome is a greater attractive force of the metropolis for people from the remainder of the state therefore worsening the conveyance job in the metropolis of Colombo. 2. Reasons for traffic congestion The figure of vehicles in the metropolis is non the lone factor that contributes to congestion. There are several other grounds for this traffic congestion. 2.1 The current traffic signal web A signal operation system is indispensable to route efficiency. There are so many traffic circles and hamlets where no traffic signals are installed in every topographic point. These topographic points are celebrated for traffic blocks since many automobilists and walkers do non follow the prevalent regulations. Pedestrians are crossed roads without regular intervals and utilizing manus signals. It seems that the current traffic signal web in Colombo is deficient to keep monolithic sums of traffic volume. 2.2 The current route system Massive main roads, many Bridgess, and tunnels can non be found all over the state like South Korea. Most of the roads are little and narrow.The conditions and criterions of the roads are unequal to run into quickly turning cargo and rider traffic. More than 50 % of the national roads have hapless or really hapless surface status and many are earnestly congested. The range for widening roads on bing alliances is limited chiefly because of land acquisition issues. 2.3 Inadequate investing Despite the significant additions in traffic volume at that place have been unequal investings for building of new main roads or broadening and bettering bing roads. Over the past old ages the investing in the route sector has been chiefly determined on the rehabilitation of the bing route web. 2.4 Mixed traffic system National main roads, which are by and large two-lane, has been unable to transport the current volume of assorted traffic ( walkers, motorcycles, coachs, three-wheelers, and motor vehicles ) . Increasing traffic volumes and a traffic mix consisting of motorised and non-motorized traffic have resulted in low travel velocities, terrible traffic congestions, and increased accident rates. 2.5 Street sellers There are illegal buildings and street sellers are making their concerns in waysides. In most roads passage through waysides is obstructed by these street sellers. Uncontrolled wayside development and concerns has reduced the capacity of the route web. 2.6 Illegal parking Illegal parking significantly contributes to congestion and impedes the traffic flow. Cities suffer in Sri Lanka from unenforced drive and parking ordinances. Although Vehicles parking in waysides is illegal in the state most of automobilists are parking their vehicles in waysides ground for that is restriction of parking topographic points. 2.7 Sidewalks for walkers In capital metropolis, most of roads have constructed without pavements for walkers. When walkers are walking side on the route the bing roads have translated to as narrow roads. 3. Datas analysis In this portion has concerned about most relevant informations in connexion with traffic congestion. Although South Korea has provided more installations for their conveyance system they besides are possessed job with congestion. In South Koreans has enjoyed with many main roads, Bridgess, tunnels, and express ways in connexion with their conveyance system. In sing about traffic congestion can be considered as population, no of vehicles, no of accident and no of individuals killed in accident are the most of import factors. In the undermentioned information has been attending about compare information with South Korea and Sri Lanka. 3.1 Population The following table no 1 and figure no1 has included information about population in thousand in two states. Table no 1.Population in two states Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sri Lanka Population ( 1000 ) 18,713 18,797 18,921 19,173 19,462 19,668 19,886 20,010 20,156 20,303 South Korea population ( 1000 ) 47,008 47,357 47,622 47,859 48,039 48,138 48,297 48,456 48,607 48,747 Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Figure no 1.Population in two states Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 When sing about this information South Korea population is higher than Sri Lanka ground for that Sri Lanka is a little state than South Korea. 3.2 No of registered vehicles Other most of import factor is no of registered vehicles in these two states. In table no 2 and 3 are provided entire no of vehicles in two states. Table no 2. No of registered vehicle in South Korea Year Registered Vehicle ( 1000 ) Increasing Rate ( % ) 2001 12,910 7.1 2002 13,950 8 2003 14,590 4.6 2004 14,930 2.4 2005 15,400 3.1 2006 15,900 3.2 2007 16,430 3.4 2008 16,790 2.2 Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Table no 3. No of registered vehicle in Sri Lanka Year Registered Vehicle ( 1000 ) Increasing Rate ( % ) 2001 1,779 2002 1,892 6.3 2003 2,074 9.7 2004 2,298 10.8 2005 2,527 10 2006 2,828 12 2007 3,126 10.5 2008 3,391 8.5 Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka Figure no 2.Registered vehicles in South Korea Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Figure no 3.Registered vehicles in Sri Lanka Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka In comparing with 2001 the no of vehicles has increased in 30 % twelvemonth 2008 in South Korea. There are 91 % important increase in Sri Lanka comparison with 2001 and 2008. Although degree of increased of entire no of vehicles in both states has decreased it is really important in 2004 in South Korea. 3.3 Traffic Accident in South Korea In the undermentioned tabular arraies and figures have been discussed about traffic accident volume and how many people killed by route accident in both states. Table no 4.Traffic Accident in South Korea Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Traffic Accidents Volume 290,481 260,579 230,953 240,832 220,755 214,171 213,745 211,662 251,822 Person Killed 10,236 8,097 7,090 7,212 6,563 6,376 6,327 6,166 5,870 Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Table no 5.Traffic Accident in Sri Lanka Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Traffic Accidents Volume 54,250 52,092 55,031 59,494 53,458 42,537 35,763 33,993 31,872 Person Killed 1992 1952 2029 1933 2116 2236 2238 2402 2328 Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka Figure no 4. Traffic Accident in South Korea Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Figure no 5. Traffic Accident in Sri Lanka Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka Although traffic accident volume has been decreased up to 2007 there is a considerable increase in 2008 in South Korea. In comparing with 2007, the traffic volume has been increased in 19 % in the twelvemonth 2008. In sing about Sri Lanka information the highest accident volume has been reported in twelvemonth 2003.The sum is 59,494 accidents. After 2003, there are noteworthy decreased in the traffic volume of Sri Lanka. When concerned about no of killed individual in accident there are large different with two state. Although in South Korea the no of killed individual in accident has been decreased twelvemonth by twelvemonth the Sri Lanka state of affairs is different. There has been reported a important increase about no of individual killed in accident. 4. Solutions for jobs 4.1 Traffic signal web To react traffic congestion in capital metropolis must be established new traffic signals in every traffic circle, cross route and necessary topographic points. It will be appreciable affected to cut down traffic congestion. The traffic signal web is established in 100 % in the developed states and many of other states. 4.2 Improve route substructure. It is necessary to build a modern route web, and upgrade bing roads to run into the state s economic and societal development demands. In add-on to the demand for bettering and rehabilitating deteriorated roads, there is an pressing demand to ship on a plan for the building of new intercity main roads. In sing about route substructure should concern about pavements and illegal buildings. It will be helped to ease more route infinite to the automobilist on the route. 4.3 Private sector investing The Government has limited capacity to finance public investings. Advanced funding schemes particularly private sector investing will be needed to mobilise sufficient support for such main roads. Using these financess can be improved route care and building and do route development sustainable. The authorities should advance private sector engagement in route substructure betterment. 4.4 Transport Planning and Coordination. Transport sector duties in Sri Lanka have been widen over a battalion of ministries and bureaus, taking to a extremely disconnected construction of decision-making. At present there are nine ministries with a direct duty for conveyance substructure. When taking determinations sing route substructure it have been affected for all these governments. In the past decennaries, many determinations have non match and there are besides large statement about these determinations. The Sri Lankan authorities should take necessary stairss to set up one establishment from garnering these all relevant establishments to supply a better conveyance services. 5. Policy execution 5.1 A national policy sing traffic signal The traffic signals will assist to better traffic flow on roads. These stairss would guarantee less traffic congestion and traffic accidents compare with old state of affairs. 5.2 Private investing Harmonizing to current state of affairs in the state, authorities should believe a national policy sing private investing on the route substructure. Lack of finance state of affairs in the authorities, this measure will be helped to authorities to better the route substructure in the state. 5.3 Reduce responsible establishments In present there are several establishments in sing route conveyance. It would non be good to taking the determinations. In sing that, can be arrange these all establishments under one policy sing the route transit. 6. Decision The efficiency of Sri Lanka s conveyance sector has blocked by a assortment of restraints. Sri Lanka depends on foreign trade and it can be increased by efficient conveyance web in the state. Globalization of trade has risen non merely from the liberalisation of trade, but besides from major progresss in communications, conveyance, and storage engineerings. On clip bringing of merchandises and riders has become a consequence of good transit web. For travel of people and transit of factors of production, semi-finished goods, and manufactured merchandises will necessitate efficient conveyance services. After following effectual and efficient policies sing transit web can be achieved a better conveyance web in the state.